inštrukcije > angleščina > Passive voice
Objavljeno: 6.3.2019
Passive voice se uporablja za prikaz zanimanja za osebo ali predmet, ki izkusi dejanje in ne osebo ali predmet, ki izvaja dejanje. Z drugimi besedami, najpomembnejša stvar ali oseba postane predmet povedi.
Passive voice naredimo z uporabo glagoli biti (be), v primernem času, in z past participle (done, played, itd.)
ACTIVE VOICE | PASSIVE VOICE | |
---|---|---|
PRESENT SIMPLE | He delivers the letters. | The letters are delivered. |
PAST SIMPLE | He delivered the letters. | The letters were delivered. |
FUTURE SIMPLE | He will deliver the letters. | The letters will be delivered. |
PRESENT CONTINUOUS | He is delivering the letters. | The letters are being delivered. |
PAST CONTINUOUS | He was delivering the letters. | The letters were being delivered. |
GOING TO | He is going to deliver the letters. | The letters are going to be delivered. |
PRESENT PERFECT | He has delivered the letters. | The letters have been delivered. |
PAST PERFECT | He had delivered the letters. | The letters had been delivered. |
INFINITIVE | He has to deliver the letters. | The letters have to be delivered. |
MODALS | He must deliver the letters. | The letters must be delivered. |
Ko ne vemo, nas ne zanima ali pa nam je iz besedila jasno, kdo je dejanje izvedel:
My car was repaired last week.
Ne vemo, kdo je popravil avto.
Za bolj vljudne in formalne izjave (pogosteje ga uporabljamo pri pisanju besedil):
The car hasn’t been cleaned.
Bolj vljudno, kot če nekomu rečemo: You haven’t cleaned the car.
Ko je dejanje bolj pomembno od vršilca (proces, navodila, dogodek, poročilo, oglas, itd.):
40 people were killed in the fire.
Da poudarimo vršilca:
The new museum will be opened by the president.
Da poved spremenimo iz active voice v passive voice:
objekt iz active voice povedi postane subjekt v passive voice.
George R. R. Martin wrote this book.
This book was written by George R. R. Martin.
Glavni glagol iz active voice spremenimo v passive voice. Čas ostane nespremenjen.
Subjekt v active voice postane vršilec v passive voice. Postavljen je za past pariciple, predenj pa postavimo predlog by.
Ko govorimo o tem, kdo je izvedel dejanje o katerem je govora, govorimo o zastopniku. Uporabimo predlog by in in ime (by Peter), samostalnik (by the teacherh) ali zaimek (by him) na koncu povedi.
O vršilcu ponavadi govorimo samo ko nam da neke pomembne informacije, ki bi sicer manjkale v povedi.
The library was designed by a famous architect.
O njem ne govorimo če:
V passive voice uporabljamo:
Ko imamo glagol, ki se navezuje na dva objekta, na primer, give somebody something, lahko active voice spremeino v passive voice na dva načina:
Rick gave me (posreden objekt) this book (neposreden objekt).
I was given this book by Rick.
This book was given to me by Rick.
Nekateri glagoli, ki se vežejo na dva objekta so: give, tell, send, show, write, bring, pay, offer, itd.
Ko je posredni objekt v passive voice po glagolu sam, potrebuje predlog to.
Če je posredni objekt v active voice osebni zaimek, ga je treba spremeniti v subjektivni zaimek subjektu v povedi v passive voice.
SUBJEKT | OBJEKT |
---|---|
I | me |
You | you |
He | him |
She | her |
It | it |
We | us |
You | you |
They | them |
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